This is ridiculous. When is government house going to get the message that the police have to get serious about going after criminals. The Government has pleaded with Government House to get tough, and to this day its doubtful that we've seen any change.
http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?a...
This Governor seems to care as much about this as the last, which is pitiful. And the sad thing is, i don't think his approach will change until there is a ride-by on Front Street and a tourist or some CEO gets caught in the crossfire.
Do we really have to wait for that before he gets tough, intervenes, gets outside assistance. I'm sick of this madness, its not right! He needs to be held to account on this.
The world is littered with examples of authorities that are content to let people shoot each other as long as its in the "ghetto". What the hell is it going to take for government house to get the message.
Comments
Wary of Reaction
It is a mistake to think that heavy-handed policing and draconian punishments will solve the problems in society that are causing these increasingly frequent outbursts of violence. At best such policies may serve as a short-term 'band-aid' solution, but if not matched with a focus on the root causes, such short-term policies are more likely to both accelerate and deepen the problems. We risk an arms-race and glorification of violence if we rely on such reaction.
The questions that we need to deal with are:
What are the causes of the violence?
Why are people using drugs?
Why are people resorting to violence to deal with disputes?
There are of course lots of other questions and things to discuss relating to this. But I think a key one is the breakdown of traditional community systems that have led to a greater alienation of our people and a focus on materialism, especially amongst our youth. This does not mean that we need to return to our old traditional systems of a strong Church and male chauvinism. But it does mean that we need to build new community structures though that do have the same effect of reducing alienation and giving a more productive focus than materialism.
Solution?
What is your solution. Apparently 2 people were just shot on court street. Do we just be cynics and adopt the philosophy of let them kill themselves? I'm not for heavy handedness i'm for enforcing the laws on the books.
I think that government house is weak on this, but you think that the government needs to chance its policies, I'm willing to agree, but what can we do except for appeal for calm (which is useless). What change in government policy do you think will assist. To try to answer your questions.
Causes of Violence: Sadly its not even people fighting over turf, its people shooting each other because they have guns and they were/feel disrespected by another gang.
Why are People using Drugs?: Cuz they are addicted
Why are people resorting to violence to deal with disputes? I'm not sure if violence is the concern, as opposed to gun violence. Gun violence is quick, easy, and efficient.
Last night while i was out getting food 2 drug dealers were having a conversation, trying to make sense of the recent spate of violence and death. Then one said "more money for us" and they both started laughing.
It is disgusting to live in a society where the police chose not to enforce the laws of the land. We have more police than capita than anywhere in the world (save the vatican) and we're stuck on stupid and contract disputes as opposed to stopping simple drug sales on the side of the street.
I'm as liberal as they come but law and order needs to be job #1.
Agree
Gun crime in Bermuda used to be an oxymoron, but now we see at least one attack a year. Pointing a finger doesn't really help in this case, we just need the powers to be to act, and to act fast.
If the governor proposes to bring a host of new, gang-focused policemen from abroad, will the Bermudian government go with it? Will the police force welcome them? If so, then let's get it done.
After having just spent a decent chunk of time in Kingston, people explained to me how quickly the descent into their current condition happened, and it honestly scared me to the core. Don't think we're not at risk.
The issue of police supervision/direction is fuzzy at best, so I'm not sure who we need to appeal to, but they better be working this weekend at a solution.
Outside Assistance
If the governor proposes to bring a host of new, gang-focused policemen from abroad, will the Bermudian government go with it?
For the record the government has called for outside assistance on numerous occasions. I don't think its a question of if the Government is ready, they have already said such, its a question of whether Government House is ready.
This isn't about finger pointing, this is about fact. And the issue of supervision isn't fuzzy, it lies with Government House. I have no objection with it being there in theory separation of powers is a good thing. I just have an objection to any unelected official who is unaccountable to the people controlling such a vital item and clearly failing in enforcing the laws of the land.
I do hope they find a solution because you are 100% correct, we are at risk.
Just to be devil's advocate
But oscurobranson, Minister Burch is an unelected official, and what your proposing would give him make him an "unelected official who is unaccountable to the people controlling such a vital item".
don't be ridiculous
Whether Col Burch is elected or unelected is beside the point. He is appointed as a Senator and is Minister of Public Safety. The Bermuda Constitution which long precedes the PLP being in government is clear that at least one Government Senator MUST be a Cabinet Minister. Col Burch is that person.
If he is capable of getting the job done, then we must allow him that opportunity in this position. In addition, let us not forget that operational policing and the strategies upon which the police act are not designated by the government, but by the Commissioner in cooperation with the Governor.
Seriously?
Not sure where you are going with that one, but Minister Burch is certainly not "unaccountable". As a Government Minister, he is accountable to the elected government of the country. Just because he is not an elected member of the House of Assembly , doesn't make him unaccountable. He is a constitutional member of the Government as is called on and required by the Bermuda Constitution.
The Governor is completely unaccountable to the Bermudian public, is not elected, and therefore has no accountability to the voters. The fact that Government has repeatedly begged Government House to bring in outside assistance shows how far out of touch the Governor(s) are.
And I missed something aswell, what am I "proposing"?
Minister Burch is unelected
Minister Burch is unelected by the Bermudian public, correct? The governor is unelected by the Bermudian public, correct? That's all I was pointing out. If you read more into my words then it's probably because you yourselves wished to. If you wish to rail at the Governor by using the words you did then the same applies to the Minister. If you wish to argue that more needs to be done, then yes, I agree with you. The crux of the matter is not who was elected, per se, it's what needs to be done. And that spans across most, if not all levels of the government.
My opinion, this is a social issue more than a force issue. If we continue to ignore how these young men see the world and the opportunites provided to them, if we continue to ignore the mentalities of the friends and families and acquaintances of these young men refuse to take responsibility for their own actions, if we as a community refuse to step up and do our part... then really, no amount of "force" will make a true difference.
And yeah, that means, the next time you see two known drug dealers chatting - call the police and report them, don't blog about it. And that goes for me as well as you.
What really frustrates me is the amount of time and energy spent on assigning blame. This is a community of 68k people, WE ARE ALL TO BLAME. It's not the UBP did this or the PLP are doing this, it's us. Us Bermudians.
two different things
You are incorrect. Minister Burch may be unelected by the the Bermudian people, but IS accountable to the Government, and therefore to the people of Bermuda.
The Governor is appointed by a force external to Bermuda and is unaccountable to any people or body in Bermuda.
You further say, "The crux of the matter is not who was elected, per se, it's what needs to be done."
I agree, but it was you that brought up the point that Col Burch is not elected. Not us.
Actually the unelected point
Actually the unelected point was brought up by oscurobranson, I just pointed out that of the two individuals in someway responsible for the police, neither is elected. But of course, this bit of logic makes no matter. I'm glad to see you got the point of my post...
Are you Serious
And yeah, that means, the next time you see two known drug dealers chatting - call the police and report them, don't blog about it. And that goes for me as well as you.
Do you REALLY think the police don't know who the drug dealers are. Really... The people's who's job it is to monitor the situation don't know! You know better, so please, yes lets be critical, but lets not be silly.
This may be more than a force issue, but its also a law and order issue. We need to enforce the laws, the police need to enforce the laws.
I have called the police on numerous occasions to prevent violence, but take the story I gave above for what its worth. There are a whole lot of drug dealers who wouldn't touch a gun or shoot anyone.
As for blame, we can agree that throwing it around isn't helpful, but as for action, the PLP has called on Government House for outside assistance since 2007. Its 2009, and we're still calling on it. Blame is one thing, but when the Person who's constitutional responsibility it is to act doesn't act and isn't accountable what should we do. I ask you......
Yes of course I know that
Yes of course I know that the police know who most of the drug dealers are or at least where they congregate. I also know that there are are only so many police officers currently on duty and some form of community responsibility has to be undertaken. AND like I said, that's directed at myself also. So your ire is a bit misdirected I think. At least to how I meant it.
I find it interesting that in one paragraph you state how the police need to enforce the laws but then later state "There are a whole lot of drug dealers who wouldn't touch a gun or shoot anyone." It's this mentality that is one of the biggest issues. This oh he's breaking the law but he's really a good boy. Which is it? Either we abide by all the laws or we don't but to blame the police for something we ourselves are so complacent about is hypocritical.
To a point, the police do have outside assistance. Have done for years. They have changed their game plans also. The focus is now on community policing (which they said last time something big overflowed) but as we all know, the community is less than helpful. I think what you mean, is not that the Governor and Commissioner aren't "Act"ing but more that they aren't acting the way you perhaps think they should.
I'm sorry but I fail to see how "kicking down doors" without due cause is any viable than the humourous sitch you posted. Both will end up with the perosn continuing to do what they want... and much like Bush's Iraqi war and the Taliban, will probably create worse feelings of disillusionment. As will bringing in some type of americn SWAT team or the like. It'll create a hydra situation and that's, to me, the wrong approach.
Lets Discuss
I like this discussion :-)
I believe in Zero Tolerance, so if you sell drugs and its against the law you should be arrested, tried, convicted and sentence. I believe that it should apply to ALL laws, Littering to Murder. (Sorry for the confusion, i was referring to my anecdote).
It'll create a hydra situation and that's, to me, the wrong approach. So what is, in your view, the right approach?
On one hand, you say I should report the known drug dealer. If he's a known drug dealer and the police know where he lives, should they not kick down the door in an attempt to find drugs and or weapons? Is that too heavy handed to you? If I'm supposed to report the criminal, what are the police to do about it.
And finally, I think what you mean, is not that the Governor and Commissioner aren't "Act"ing but more that they aren't acting the way you perhaps think they should. .
Are there actions working, and do you feel its enough? If not, what else do you think should be done?
Okay, here's my answers in
Okay, here's my answers in order.
"So what is, in your view, the right approach?"
I think that what we are dealing with should be dealt with harshly, don't get me wrong. I simply think that if we don't also attack the causal problems then we may fix the issue we have today but next week with be another group, another gang and this time with larger guns and more of a penchant to shoot. Two-pronged attack, as it were. What the immediate attack entails, I don't know. I hear lots of people clamouring for a round up but again, all that does is breed more resentment. And more of the "Not my boy" as evidenced by the story in the RG today. The long term solutions can be something like an extension of the Mirrors program or things like fixing the education system. More youth centers need to be created and supported by the government. Less bickering with the "adults" ie, the government and the opposition would help too. We need to fight this mentality of the gangs becoming these children's families, the community needs to go back to looking out for each other. Cause when you have this literal disconnect from each others lives, you can't possibly be surprised when someone else doesn't value you and your life as you do.
The difference in your example is I'm advocating those in the know (the relatives or parents) of these young men need to be the ones doing the calling. It goes against everything in us to turn in people we love but zero tolerance means no tolerance of others actions either.
2. I think their actions are working to a certain extent, this last spate of violence notwithstanding. But again, if the community refuses to take responsibility, there is only so much the police can do IMO. But yeah, I'll agree that more needs to be done. The real question is how to do it within the legal system. We've all heard stories of policie officers being reprimanded for heavy-handedness. We heard the stats about the police arresting 4 people a total of 50+ times in one year. They arrest them and the courts give suspended sentences or they get parole less than 1/4 into their term (which is unequivocally not supposed to happen). To me, that's one of the biggest things the government needs to work on. Having the police be "harsh" in their methods makes little sense if the courts and the prison system is going to spew them out without them having learned a damn thing.
Some Humor
Sample Phone Call.
911: "911 What's your emergency"
OB: "I just saw 2 know drug dealers talking"
911: "Ok, what would you like us to do about it"
OB: "Arrest them of course, they are known drug dealers"
911: "Did you see them selling drugs"
OB: "No they were buying food"
911: "Talking while buying food isn't illegal"
OB: "But they are known drug dealers!"
911: "yes, but the law requires us to have actual cause to arrest someone. Talking is not a crime"
OB: "OK thank you"
I agreee with Oscuro
where the BPS has shortfalls in terms of resources and expertise we should pressure Govt House to get more pro active - in particular where there has been proven looting of the public purse, serious allegations of corruption and acknowledgements of unethical behaviour.
Solutions
I'm a little disappointed that the reponses on how to deal with our present gang problem has been mainly a show of force. While it most definitely is needed increased action by the police is not going to stop the violence or the existence of gangs. The situation that we find ourselves in presently is not a behavioral problem. Gangs and gang violence is a symptom of a deeper problem, a social psychological and socio-economic problem. Until all persons involved in creating this problem change their behaviors then we as a country will continue to have more of the detestable behaviors.
Let me be clear, I have little interest in pointing fingers and placing blame but we do need to know who the guilty parties are in order to help them to change their behaviors. As I said this is a social problem and when it comes down to it everyone is to blame. We all exist in the Bermudian society so we all have to accept our role in causing and fixing this problem.
FAMILY
Sociology and psychology both teach that the family is the most influential teacher of morals, behaviors, belief and the like friends are the second most influential group. If parents are not visible and active participants in their children’s lives then they leave their children vulnerable to outside influences such as friends and the media. Parents need to ensure their children are instilled with moral values. This cannot all be done in the school and we should not expect them too. Take your children to church, teach them right from wrong. Let your children know that you expect a certain level of behavior and that behaviors opposite to such will not be tolerated. It is a fallacy to believe that a parent can be a friend to their child while they are growing up. You can tell your friends no, blow them off even but a parent makes the law and the child follows, that is how RESPECT is created and nurtured.
Single parents find it especially difficult due to Bermuda’s financial climate. If a parent or parents cannot be with their child after school comes out then these same parents need to ensure that their child is under the care of a responsible adult or participating in an activity or club. Something that every child needs that doesn’t cost a penny and has visible positive impact is love and attention. Parents need to be present to their children. This cannot be done through the imparting of gifts. While I’m sure many a teen would love the latest pair of sneakers, jeans, cd, dvd etc. They would much rather their parents pay them some mind. Talk to your children. In doing so you can find out how they think, if they are susceptible to outside influence and if they are headed in the right track in general. Gifts don’t do that. They are just things to be lost, ruined and taken for granted. It also creates children who only care about material possessions and how to acquire them. How many of our young men have lived their lives never hearing the words “I love you” from their parents? How many children grown up feeling unloved and not a part of a “real” family? That gap, that need is easily filled by a gang or crew because then that lost soul feels a part of something.
My last point on family is this, We need more nuclear familes. I know some great single parent families but it doesn’t change the fact that children from single parent homes are more at risk and most single parent homes are headed by women. WILL THE REAL MEN PLEASE STAND UP? I’m tired of these selfish, sperm donor, baby daddy’s who can’t get past the issues with the mother of their child to be a parent. To them, I say you’re punks and you need to man up. Weekend daddy’s don’t really cut it either. Being a parent is a full time job. Taking your child to an event is nice, an opportunity to bond but utilize the time wisely and talk to your children. I am of the belief that only a man can teach a boy to become a man. Of course women can impart vital knowledge but I think we can all agree that men and women think differently so a male influence is needed.
CHURCHES
Religion and church is not for everyone but it does have some good qualities, like teaching morals. I would urge churches to look outside of their congregation to the community as a whole. Get out of the church building and into the streets. I have seen some great and forward thinking community oriented programs such as the Seventh Day Adventist GED program and the group that bought in the ex-gang members to talk to students. Programs and initiatives such as these are exactly what we need. Keep it up and keep it going.
PRIVATE SECTOR
While money doesn’t solve everything, it can definitely help in combating this gang and violence problem. There are many companies that invest in Bermuda through by sponsoring sporting and art events and that’s great. I think they could broaden their scope however and invest in community based programs and events. How about adopting a community centre? Contributing closer to the ground as it were.
A large factor in many persons opting out of mainstream society is a disconnect between their lives and the “Bermudian dream”. If we can show these same persons that there is a way for them to attain their goals legally then maybe they’ll decide to rejoin society. I’m talking about jobs. I know right now is not the best time but it is what is needed and would definitely be useful. I think many would like to believe that those who take part in illegal activities are not smart or trustworthy but I think that is lazy thinking. A person will more likely turn to crime due to circumstance and isolation. Give people proper jobs where a better future is actually possible in their eyes and you will see a change in behavior and thinking.
COMMUNITY
I know its been said many times but it doesn’t make the adage any less true. It takes a village to raise a child and the village of Bermuda has fallen asleep on the job. What happened to correcting children who were wrong when they were wrong? We’ve become so afraid of speaking out that our silence has given those who do wrong the idea that their behavior is justified. We need to stop turning a blind eye when we see people doing wrong. That means reporting what you know to the police even if you don’t have physical proof call the police and let them find the evidence they need. The burden to find the evidence is on the police. The police work with the community for the community but if the community doesn’t hold up its end of the deal can we really expect to have a safe Bermuda?
Crimestoppers. We have it, it’s anonymous use it.
It’s a little known fact that some families depend on illegal monies to in order to sustain their life or have family members who participate in illegal activities. I can appreciate the kind of strain it puts on a person but at the end of the day illegal behavior is illegal behavior. If you aren’t a part of the solution you are part of the problem and in some way or another there is blood on your hands. Harsh words for a harsh reality. Solutions to problems are there, if not always visible or easy. If you know your neighbors son deals drugs or have seen him stash off something somewhere then it is the person who saw something that doesn’t look quite right to say something. End of story.
People have this thing about not wanting to be a snitch. A snitch is someone who is involved in illegal activities and turns their co-conspirators in. If you aren’t committing a crime its called being a responsible citizen. We need more of them.
Last but most certainly not least is Government, but I'll do that tommorow.
Short term vs long term
D Morris,
I think that many people share your sentiments, including the law enforcement and Government and special interest groups.
However I think the increase in force was done as a short term deterrent to try and curb this anti-social behavior before more people are hurt and/or killed. I dont think the intent is for this to be the be all and end all of what is done.
Everyone knows that this behavior stems from many different factors, home life, neighborhoods, lack of education, lack of role models etc, and the list can go on. And i also believe that the government and many non-governmental agencies are trying to pick up the slack. But even programs and initiatives that are introduced today to try and curb the behavior from that angle likely won't bear much fruit today. Unfortunately, it will take time.
To be clear
Well first and foremost I havent even commented on the police or the government as yet so there is nothing really to agree with when it comes to that specific group and institution as thus far I have said nothing really. I do not want to be taken out of context becuase while I may agree that a show of force is needed at this time I do not believe it is the solution. Force is a band aid on a gaping wound. It may stem the flow of bullets for a time but it will not stop them. As the police come under the government I will deal with that tomorrow and possibly Thursday.
I do think it merits a response at this time however that you mention short term vs long term. Our current problems were most definitely foreseeable and preventable. Unfortunately the situation was not dealt with when the factors were more easily "fixable". Now that the majority of the population and government are willing and able to see our social situation for what it is, when it comes to "fixing" the problem long term solutions are our only options. What bothers me the most at this point is that I saw it coming, tried to do something about it, was shut down and now my country is suffering. "Unfortunate" is not the word for the uphill climb that we face in putting our country closer to where it once was (closer, because we will never see it how it once was) its bloody tragic and all the more infuriating because it was preventable.
D Morris
I am not disagreeing with you, so I hope you dont think that.
Much of what you say has definite merit. However, yes we should've done something before; yes there were signs etc. We cannot go back in time.
We have to act now, and that is the context in which i was speaking.
30Strong
All that I wrote and still am to write is with the hope that all parties will act now. What happened in the past or what did not happen in the past cannot be ignored as it lead us to our present situation. I'm a holistic big picture type thinker so I cannot not include past events becuse its how I shape my ideas for the future and I think its important to be able to connect our past behaviors to where we are now so as we go forward we do not to make the same mistakes. Believe me, anyone who knows me will tell you I'm not into the whole why me, poor me, if only stuff, I'm about the solution. I put everything out there becuase a problem of this nature tends to have a million and one possible solutions and they're all correct. Even Transcedental Meditation has its merits if one is open and enlightened enough to see it.
Please understand, it's not that I thought you were disagreeing with me but more I was clarifying my position. I do not want to be seen as aligning myself with a belief or thought that I did not actually have or share. ie. about the police and government. I really do hate being taken out of context, nothing personal at all really.
I think it's important to stress however the point about short term vs long term. At this stage there are no viable short term solutions. Bermudians in general must settle in for the long term because short term is just not an option anymore.
Government solutions
The government has multiple departments that need to work to together in solving our current social position but it seems to me for all the areas it covers there is a lack of cohesiveness. Where they have CMIT (Cross Ministry Initiative) for individuals within the government system the same approach is needed to tackle our present situation.
Since more police action and force was called for and thus far received I don’t feel the need to say too much on the topic. What I will say is this, if the police have to step up their game then so does the entire justice system. Presently it is full of holes. I think it is pointless to arrest someone for an illegal act only to give them a light sentence and no rehabilitation/redirection while they are in jail. If the legislature passes a law that says mandatory 5 year sentence for possession of a firearm for example and the person goes before the judge and they reduce the term or switch it up a la samurai sword style then what message does that send out? The stakes have been raised and the judges need to act accordingly.
If a person is sentence for a crime and they serve their time with no rehabilitation then why should the public feel confident that that same person has changed their ways upon release? Of course I’m not saying that a person must have rehabilitation in order to change their ways but there’s nothing wrong with hedging your bets in this case either. At the end of the day a person chooses to commit crimes for specific reasons. If we do not address those reasons and provide them with viable options when they are released they will more than likely be better criminals. I am also of the belief that rehabilitation programs should be mandatory. The idea of criminals sitting up watching tv, working out, playing cards etc. does not sit well with me. A prison is an institution, so implement institutional rules such as rehab.
I think the main catalyst that caused our present social circumstance is education. When the UBP government changed our education system to the faulty American style without a proper curriculum we opened the door to madness. Education is one of the most significant factors in determining how successful a person will be in life, by giving our students an inferior education system we also cut of their means of attaining their dreams and hence why some decided to opt out of mainstream society. In addition to the faulty system the standards were then dropped ie. social promotion. When did hanging out with your friends become more important than the topics being taught? I would think the embarrassment one may feel from staying back is nothing compared to the embarrassment of being 21 and unable to read or do proper math. As the public education dropped their standards so did Bermuda College and that’s just sad. I know social promotion has been dropped at The Berkeley Institute but I am unsure of the status of Cedarbridge Academy. It is on the education system to set the standards and never waiver. If a child cannot meet the standard then you work with that child to raise them up.
As someone who taught in the public education system I found it disturbing and completely disheartening to be told that there will be students in my class who will not pay attention or be focused and to leave them be. As much as it disturbed me I could understand why for the innocent should not suffer for the guilty but what happens to those students who are ultimately ignored? Answer: they drop out. The last few years has also seen an increase of children leaving the public school system opting for the GED program. Parents need to think twice about this option. Adult Education and C.A.R.E. is not like school, it’s more like college. The teachers will not be behind your child to get them to do their work. If they weren’t focused in school they will most likely not be focused there.
What I would like the government to do is take a page out of the UK’s book. Make high school education mandatory. You cannot apply for a full time job without a high school education at least. I’m not saying you can’t have a little hustle like packing groceries but to allow a young person to work 5 days a week, 8 hours a day minimum should be illegal. To some that may sound extreme but extreme times call for extreme measures plus I think its borderline criminal to send our young people into the world without the most basic education. I don’t know where this new curriculum will take us but hopefully it will be a much better place.
We have a Ministry for Social Rehabilitation and Culture yet they have been disturbingly quiet. This is a social problem where are the programs to combat this problem? Better yet why was there no preventative measures coming from the ministry that should be identifying and dealing with these problems? I know many would cite the Mirrors program but Mirrors would not and is not a sufficient solution for three main reasons. 1) The program is voluntary. I don’t think the hoodlums we have running around right now are going to drop their guns to spend a week away from their life.
2) The cut of age is 18. The government has a variety of programs for those under the age of 18, they have programs for those over the age of 65 but there gaping hole for everyone in between. I suggest we follow the lead of countries such as Canada and the UK where those between 18-26 are given focus. Just because a person is a legal adult at 18 does not mean they behave or have the knowledge of an adult. I think it is on the government to open its eyes and give this group some attention. Or we could continue to ignore them and let this same age group rip at our social fabric.
3) Mirrors basically shows young people that they have options which causes a shift in thinking and ultimately behavior. While a shift in thinking is needed there are some tangible things that are needed by persons in this group. These things are education and jobs. It’s one thing to convince a person that there is a better way but if you cannot follow that up with a truly viable plan so that they can see their self in that better day picture then your work is for naught.
There is a lot of focus on the glamor of being a gangster. Money, power, respect, bling. There are not enough messages counteracting that. We need more stories counteracting those messages. We need to tell the other side of the story. The fear of being caught, low pay, no health insurance, disgust and distrust by people, and that if you’re on the frontline selling drugs or running around with guns you really are at the bottom of the totem pole. Government needs to put that message out there in the form of public service announcements and bring in speakers to talk to persons in the schools. I’m sure if you collaborated with the teachers you could identify students most at risk. If we can cut off the supply of new recruits then we can arrest and rehabilitate the rest.